The V/F (voltage-to-frequency) curve for both cores overlaps at 1.5 GHz. In contrast, Zen 4c arrives at the Vmin below 1.5 GHz. The VID (voltage identification definition) charts revealed that Zen 4 hits the Vmin (the minimal voltage that a processor requires for a workload at a particular frequency) at 2.3 GHz. Zen 4c needs a higher core voltage to reach the same clock speeds as Zen 4. The Ryzen 7 7840U outperformed the Ryzen Z1 at 15W and 30W by 53.5% and 18.2%, respectively. Regardless, the Ryzen 7 7840U was still the faster chip. Looking at the overall performance in Cinebench R23, there was a 29.8% difference between the Ryzen Z1 15W and 30W modes. That's something to consider when comparing the charts of the two devices with different power limits. Huang highlighted that the HP Elitebook 835 G10 has a default SPL (sustained power limit) of 25W, which isn't modifiable by the user. The laptop has 32GB of LPDDR5-6400 memory, so the Ryzen 7 7840U had access to more memory, albeit at slower speeds. The Ryzen 7 7840U is an octa-core chip with boost clock speeds up to 5.1 GHz. Huang compared the Ryzen Z1 handheld PC against the HP Elitebook 835 G10 with a Ryzen 7 7840U. The Ryzen Z1 had 16GB of LPDDR5X-7500 memory and operates with 15W and 30W modes. Huang used a handheld PC with the Ryzen Z1 for testing but didn't specify the model. The 7nm chip has two Zen 4 cores and four Zen 4c cores that sport a maximum boost clock up to 4.9 GHz and 3.5 GHz. The Ryzen Z1 has a hexa-core, 12-thread design. In AMD's case, Zen 4c is nearly identical to Zen 4, except that the former is 35.4% smaller, making it twice as dense, with lower clock speeds and cache. The advantage is that AMD's E-cores feature simultaneous multithreading, whereas Intel's E-cores lack Hyper-Threading. In contrast, AMD leverages the same Zen 4 architecture in Phoenix 2. For example, Intel utilizes two completely different architectures for the P-cores and E-cores in its hybrid chips, such as Alder Lake (Golden Cove, Gracemont) and Raptor Lake (Raptor Cove, Gracemont). However, the chipmaker's approach is a bit different from Intel's. Phoenix 2 is AMD's first foray into hybrid chips. The Ryzen Z1 has been rumored to be a clone of the Ryzen 5 7540U for a long time now. It differs from AMD's Ryzen 7040U series (Phoenix) with the PHX-A1 stepping. HWiNFO, a system information, monitoring, and diagnostics utility, confirms that the Ryzen Z1, codenamed Phoenix2, is on the PHX2-A0 stepping. However, it seems that Phoenix 2 is already among us, but in the form of AMD's Ryzen Z1 series that is at the heart of handheld PC gaming devices, such as the ROG Ally. Pig toxicokinetics zearalenone zearalenone-14-glucoside zearalenone-14-sulfate.Phoenix 2 was slated to launch this year, but we still haven't seen the mobile Ryzen processors in retail laptops yet. Conclusively, the modified-ZEN forms α-ZEL, β-ZEL, ZEN14G, and ZEN14S contribute to overall ZEN systemic toxicity in pigs and should be taken into account for risk assessment. Results demonstrate complete presystemic hydrolysis of ZEN14G and ZEN14S to ZEN and high oral bioavailability for all administered compounds, with further extensive first-pass glucuronidation. Furthermore, portal plasma was analyzed to unravel the site of hydrolysis, and urine samples were analyzed to determine urinary excretion. ![]() ![]() Systemic plasma concentrations of the administered toxins and their metabolites were quantified and further processed via tailor-made compartmental toxicokinetic models. Crossover pig trials were performed by means of intravenous and oral administration of ZEN and its modified forms. The aim of this study was to determine the toxicokinetic characteristics of ZEN and its modified forms, α-zearalenol (α-ZEL), β-zearalenol (β-ZEL), zearalenone-14-glucoside (ZEN14G), and zearalenone-14-sulfate (ZEN14S), including presystemic and systemic hydrolysis in pigs.
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